2.9 KiB
Executable file
2.9 KiB
Executable file
Rosemary is a hardy Mediterranean plant known for its essential oils, but its growth and chemical profile can still be affected by severe environmental stress.
- Drought Stress: Controlled drought stress can have a minimal impact on overall growth but alters the essential oil composition.
- Biomass under Drought: Severe drought can lead to a decrease in the development of fresh biomass.
- Essential Oils under Drought: Drought stress generally leads to an increase in the production of essential oils as a defense mechanism.
- Terpene Composition: Drought can increase the percentage of terpenes like bornyl-acetate and β-caryophyllene, while decreasing α-pinene.
- Salt Stress: Salinity is a major environmental stress that limits the growth and productivity of rosemary.
- Salinity and Vegetative Growth: Increasing soil salinity levels discernibly reduces plant height and total herb dry weight.
- Salt Resistance Index (SRI): The SRI decreases with increasing salinity.
- Chlorophyll: Total chlorophyll in leaves is reduced by higher soil salinity.
- Proline Content: Salinity enhances leaf proline content as an osmoprotectant.
- Volatile Oil Percentage: Irrigation with saline water can have a significant effect on the volatile oil percentage.
- Volatile Oil Composition: Salinity alters the chemical makeup of the essential oil; for example, the major constituent camphor can be affected.
- Amino Acid Application: Applying amino acids like L-tryptophan and glutamine can improve plant growth, chlorophyll content, and salt resistance under salinity stress.
- Antistress Agents: The application of agents like salicylic acid and diatomaceous earth can improve vegetative growth and volatile oil percentage in plants under salt stress.
- Combined Salinity and Amino Acids: The combination of amino acid application with low-to-moderate soil salinity can enhance the Salt Resistance Index to over 100%.
- Water Stress from Irrigation Type: The type of irrigation water (tap water vs. saline water) and rainfed conditions (non-irrigated) create different stress levels, affecting essential oil yield and composition.
- Essential Oil Yield: Rainfed (non-irrigated) conditions can result in the highest essential oil yield, while irrigation with saline water results in the lowest.
- Anti-stress Effects (Internal): Rosemary leaf extract has been shown to have anti-stress effects in animal studies, alleviating stress-induced dysfunctions, which points to the plant's complex chemical response to its environment.
- Location and Cultivar Influence: The effects of drought stress on biomass and essential oil yield are significantly influenced by the growing location and the specific rosemary cultivar.
- Suitability for Marginal Land: Its general tolerance suggests rosemary is suitable for cultivation in marginal soils to protect against erosion and diversify crops.