2.9 KiB
Executable file
2.9 KiB
Executable file
Strawberry plants, with their shallow root systems, are particularly sensitive to environmental stresses, especially those related to water and temperature.
- Nitrogen Stress: Nitrogen deficiency affects the plant's photosynthetic pathways. A smartphone-based index measuring the ratio of blue light reflectance can detect nitrogen stress. The index value decreases with increasing nitrogen stress exposure.
- Drought Stress: As a plant with a shallow root system and large leaf area, it is highly sensitive to water deficiency.
- Drought Effects on Growth: Drought reduces leaf area, shoot length, fruit number, and fruit size, ultimately decreasing yield.
- Root System Response: Drought stress can stimulate root length, leading to a higher root-to-shoot ratio for greater water uptake.
- Physiological Responses to Drought: Plants adapt by adjusting osmotic potential and activating ROS scavenging mechanisms. The relative water content (RWC) of leaves decreases under drought.
- Photosynthesis and Pigments: Drought leads to a decrease in photosynthetic pigments and reduced net photosynthesis due to stomatal closure.
- Salt Stress: Strawberry is one of the most salt-sensitive horticultural crops.
- Salinity Effects: Salinity reduces water and nutrient uptake, decreases root and leaf development, and accelerates leaf senescence, leading to lower yield and quality.
- Heat Stress: High temperatures (above 30°C or 86°F) are detrimental, reducing yields, fruit size, total leaf area, and overall plant health.
- Heat and Fruit Quality: High temperatures can negatively affect fruit coloration and reduce fruit size and weight.
- Chilling and Freezing Stress: These low-temperature stresses can cause significant damage.
- Cold Stress Responses: Plants respond to cold by altering chlorophyll concentration, hydrogen peroxide levels, and enzymatic antioxidant mechanisms.
- Alleviating Cold Stress: External application of factors like salicylic acid can protect plants by increasing chlorophyll and soluble sugar concentrations.
- Biotic Stress: The angular leaf spot (ALS) disease is a major biotic stressor for strawberry production.
- PGP Microorganisms: Inoculating plants with Plant-Growth-Promoting (PGP) bacteria can significantly increase plant growth and fruit production, even under salinity or disease stress.
- Cultivar Variability: Tolerance to drought, heat, and salinity varies significantly among different strawberry cultivars.
- Leaf Temperature: Leaf temperature increases under water stress conditions due to reduced transpiration.
- Quantum Yield: This measure of photosynthetic efficiency is affected by water stress.
- Water Use Efficiency (WUE): WUE is a key parameter affected by drought conditions.
- Growing Environment: Strawberries grown in greenhouses or soilless cultivation systems are more sensitive to water stress than those grown in open fields.