22 lines
No EOL
2.9 KiB
Markdown
Executable file
22 lines
No EOL
2.9 KiB
Markdown
Executable file
Strawberry plants, with their shallow root systems, are particularly sensitive to environmental stresses, especially those related to water and temperature.
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* **Nitrogen Stress:** Nitrogen deficiency affects the plant's photosynthetic pathways. A smartphone-based index measuring the ratio of blue light reflectance can detect nitrogen stress. The index value decreases with increasing nitrogen stress exposure.
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* **Drought Stress:** As a plant with a shallow root system and large leaf area, it is highly sensitive to water deficiency.
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* **Drought Effects on Growth:** Drought reduces leaf area, shoot length, fruit number, and fruit size, ultimately decreasing yield.
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* **Root System Response:** Drought stress can stimulate root length, leading to a higher root-to-shoot ratio for greater water uptake.
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* **Physiological Responses to Drought:** Plants adapt by adjusting osmotic potential and activating ROS scavenging mechanisms. The relative water content (RWC) of leaves decreases under drought.
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* **Photosynthesis and Pigments:** Drought leads to a decrease in photosynthetic pigments and reduced net photosynthesis due to stomatal closure.
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* **Salt Stress:** Strawberry is one of the most salt-sensitive horticultural crops.
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* **Salinity Effects:** Salinity reduces water and nutrient uptake, decreases root and leaf development, and accelerates leaf senescence, leading to lower yield and quality.
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* **Heat Stress:** High temperatures (above 30°C or 86°F) are detrimental, reducing yields, fruit size, total leaf area, and overall plant health.
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* **Heat and Fruit Quality:** High temperatures can negatively affect fruit coloration and reduce fruit size and weight.
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* **Chilling and Freezing Stress:** These low-temperature stresses can cause significant damage.
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* **Cold Stress Responses:** Plants respond to cold by altering chlorophyll concentration, hydrogen peroxide levels, and enzymatic antioxidant mechanisms.
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* **Alleviating Cold Stress:** External application of factors like salicylic acid can protect plants by increasing chlorophyll and soluble sugar concentrations.
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* **Biotic Stress:** The angular leaf spot (ALS) disease is a major biotic stressor for strawberry production.
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* **PGP Microorganisms:** Inoculating plants with Plant-Growth-Promoting (PGP) bacteria can significantly increase plant growth and fruit production, even under salinity or disease stress.
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* **Cultivar Variability:** Tolerance to drought, heat, and salinity varies significantly among different strawberry cultivars.
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* **Leaf Temperature:** Leaf temperature increases under water stress conditions due to reduced transpiration.
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* **Quantum Yield:** This measure of photosynthetic efficiency is affected by water stress.
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* **Water Use Efficiency (WUE):** WUE is a key parameter affected by drought conditions.
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* **Growing Environment:** Strawberries grown in greenhouses or soilless cultivation systems are more sensitive to water stress than those grown in open fields. |